Analysis of aided thresholds in children who have undergone cochlear reimplantation: a ten-year follow-up. / Análise de limiares tonais de crianças submetidas ao reimplante: seguimento de 10 anos.

PURPOSE: To characterize hearing thresholds at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz in children undergoing reimplantation with a follow-up of at least 10 years. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records of children who underwent reimplantation surgery for at least 10 years. The auditory thresholds obtained in free-field pure tone audiometry with the cochlear implant were evaluated at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz at four different times: 1 (before failure), 2 (activation), 3 (five years after reimplantation) and 4 (ten years after reimplantation, regardless of the time of use of the 2nd CI) in patients with a follow-up of at least 10 years. RESULTS: Evaluating patients who underwent reimplantation, it was observed that the thresholds of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz were similar in the long term to those obtained in patients who were implanted only once, thus not presenting damage in the detection of sounds. CONCLUSION: Reimplantation had no long-term effect on the hearing thresholds obtained in children who underwent this surgery due to internal component failure.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os limiares auditivos nas frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz em crianças submetidas ao reimplante com follow-up de no mínimo 10 anos. MÉTODO: Revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de crianças submetidas a cirurgia de reimplante há pelo menos 10 anos. Foram avaliados os limiares auditivos obtidos na audiometria tonal liminar em campo livre com o implante coclear nas frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz em quatro momentos distintos: 1 (antes da falha), 2 (ativação), 3 (cinco anos após o reimplante) e 4 (dez anos após o reimplante, independentemente do tempo de uso do uso do 2o IC) em pacientes com follow-up de no mínimo 10 anos. RESULTADOS: Avaliando-se pacientes submetidos ao reimplante, observou-se que os limiares de 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz apresentaram-se a longo prazo semelhante àqueles obtidos nos pacientes implantados somente uma única vez, não apresentando prejuízo assim na detecção dos sons. CONCLUSÃO: O reimplante não teve efeito de longo prazo sobre os limiares auditivos obtidos em crianças que se submeteram a esta cirurgia por falha do componente interno.

Análise de limiares tonais de crianças submetidas ao reimplante: seguimento de 10 anos / Analysis of aided thresholds in children who have undergone cochlear reimplantation: a ten-year follow-up

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar os limiares auditivos nas frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz em crianças submetidas ao reimplante com follow-up de no mínimo 10 anos. Método Revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de crianças submetidas a cirurgia de reimplante há pelo menos 10 anos. Foram avaliados os limiares auditivos obtidos na audiometria tonal liminar em campo livre com o implante coclear nas frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz em quatro momentos distintos: 1 (antes da falha), 2 (ativação), 3 (cinco anos após o reimplante) e 4 (dez anos após o reimplante, independentemente do tempo de uso do uso do 2o IC) em pacientes com follow-up de no mínimo 10 anos. Resultados Avaliando-se pacientes submetidos ao reimplante, observou-se que os limiares de 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz apresentaram-se a longo prazo semelhante àqueles obtidos nos pacientes implantados somente uma única vez, não apresentando prejuízo assim na detecção dos sons. Conclusão O reimplante não teve efeito de longo prazo sobre os limiares auditivos obtidos em crianças que se submeteram a esta cirurgia por falha do componente interno.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize hearing thresholds at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz in children undergoing reimplantation with a follow-up of at least 10 years. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of children who underwent reimplantation surgery for at least 10 years. The auditory thresholds obtained in free-field pure tone audiometry with the cochlear implant were evaluated at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz at four different times: 1 (before failure), 2 (activation), 3 (five years after reimplantation) and 4 (ten years after reimplantation, regardless of the time of use of the 2nd CI) in patients with a follow-up of at least 10 years. Results Evaluating patients who underwent reimplantation, it was observed that the thresholds of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz were similar in the long term to those obtained in patients who were implanted only once, thus not presenting damage in the detection of sounds. Conclusion Reimplantation had no long-term effect on the hearing thresholds obtained in children who underwent this surgery due to internal component failure.

Effects of Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children: Evidence from Speech-Evoked Cortical Potentials and Tests of Speech Perception.

INTRODUCTION: Benefits of bilateral cochlear implants (CI) may be compromised by delays to implantation of either ear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sequential bilateral CI use in children who received their first CI at young ages, using a clinical set-up. METHODS: One-channel cortical auditory evoked potentials and speech perception in quiet and noise were evoked at repeated times (0, 3, 6, 12 months of bilateral CI use) by unilateral and bilateral stimulation in 28 children with early-onset deafness. These children were unilaterally implanted before 3.69 years of age (mean ± SD of 1.98 ± 0.73 years) and received a second CI after 5.13 ± 2.37 years of unilateral CI use. Comparisons between unilaterally evoked responses were used to measure asymmetric function between the ears and comparisons between bilateral responses and each unilateral response were used to measure the bilateral benefit. RESULTS: Chronic bilateral CI promoted changes in cortical auditory responses and speech perception performance; however, large asymmetries were present between the two unilateral responses despite ongoing bilateral CI use. Persistent cortical differences between the two sides at 1 year of bilateral stimulation were predicted by increasing age at the first surgery and inter-implant delay. Larger asymmetries in speech perception occurred with longer inter-implant delays. Bilateral responses were more similar to the unilateral responses from the first rather than the second CI. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the development of the aural preference syndrome and reinforce the importance of providing bilateral CIs simultaneously or sequentially with very short delays.

Nursing training program in children's hearing health: a proposal for interactive tele-education.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of a nursing training program in the area of children's hearing health using interactive tele-education. METHODS: Interrupted time series with non-random control group pre-test/ post-test. A cohort of 41 nurses, with no previous formal training in hearing health. A "Children's Hearing Health" Cybertutor was employed. The effectiveness of the nursing training was verified by comparing pre- versus post-training performance and by analyzing responses to an evaluation questionnaire. RESULTS: Following training, the performance was significantly better in all domains assessed and in the total score. The evaluation questionnaire demonstrated that the Cybertutor was well accepted and the performance revealed in the pre-training phase demonstrated the need for children´s hearing health training. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of the nursing training program in the area of Children's Hearing Health using interactive tele-education could be proven, since there was an improvement in performance in all domains evaluated.

Nursing training program in childrens hearing health: a proposal for interactive tele-education / Capacitación de enfermeros en salud auditiva infantil: una propuesta de teleducación interactiva / Capacitação dos enfermeiros em saúde auditiva infantil: uma proposta de teleducação interativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the effectiveness of a nursing training program in the area of children's hearing health using interactive tele-education. Methods: Interrupted time series with non-random control group pre-test/ post-test. A cohort of 41 nurses, with no previous formal training in hearing health. A "Children's Hearing Health" Cybertutor was employed. The effectiveness of the nursing training was verified by comparing pre- versus post-training performance and by analyzing responses to an evaluation questionnaire. Results: Following training, the performance was significantly better in all domains assessed and in the total score. The evaluation questionnaire demonstrated that the Cybertutor was well accepted and the performance revealed in the pre-training phase demonstrated the need for children´s hearing health training. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the nursing training program in the area of Children's Hearing Health using interactive tele-education could be proven, since there was an improvement in performance in all domains evaluated.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la eficacia de un tutor electrónico - cybertutor en la formación de enfermeros en el área de salud auditiva infantil. Métodos: series temporales interrumpidas con grupo control pretest/posttest no aleatorio. Participaron 41 enfermeros, que fueron capacitados a través de un Cybertutor denomidado "Salud auditiva infantil". La eficacia de la capacitación se verificó comparando el desempeño de los enfermeros en los cuestionarios pre y post capacitación, y la evaluación del Cybertutor se investigó a través de un formulario con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Resultados: El desempeño en el cuestionario precapacitación demostró la necesidad de capacitación en salud auditiva infantil. Hubo una diferencia en el desempeño después del entrenamiento en todos los dominios evaluados y en el puntaje total. Conclusión: La efectividad del cybertutor en la capacitación de enfermeras en el área de Salud Auditiva Infantil podría demostrarse, ya que hubo una mejora en el rendimiento en todos los dominios evaluados.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a eficácia de um tutor eletrônico - cybertutor na capacitação de enfermeiros na área de saúde auditiva infantil. Métodos: séries temporais interrompidas com grupo controle pré-teste/pós-teste não randomizado. Participaram 41 enfermeiros que foram capacitados por meio de um Cybertutor denominado "Saúde Auditiva Infantil". A eficácia da capacitação foi verificada a partir da comparação do desempenho dos enfermeiros, nos questionários pré e pós-capacitação, e a avaliação do Cybertutor foi investigada por meio de um formulário com perguntas fechadas e abertas. Resultados: O desempenho no questionário pré-capacitação demonstrou a necessidade da capacitação em saúde auditiva infantil. Houve diferença no desempenho após a capacitação em todos os domínios avaliados e no escore total. Conclusão: A eficácia do cybertutor na capacitação de enfermeiros na área de Saúde Auditiva Infantil pôde ser comprovada, uma vez que houve melhora no desempenho em todos os domínios avaliados.

Training proposal for community health agents in hearing health.

BACKGROUND: training of community health agents in hearing health. AIM: to verify the effectiveness of a training program regarding the hearing health of children for Community Health Agents of a Family Health Program. METHOD: research sample consisted of two groups: Group A, constituted by 31 community health agents, from Bauru, SP, and Group B, constituted by 75 community health agents, from Sorocaba, SP. Training was provided through classes for both groups. For Group A, a text adapted from the material organized by the World Health Organization (2006) was used so that the community health agents could follow the activities in an interactive way. Training focused on the following topics: normal and impaired hearing; types, prevention and causes of hearing loss; procedures to identify and diagnose the hearing impairment and rehabilitation. Pre and post training questionnaires were used to assess the assimilation of the presented content. RESULTS: training demonstrated to be effective, since there was an increase in the overall score when comparing the scores obtained in the pre and post training questionnaires. CONCLUSION: the results indicate the effectiveness of the training program for community health agents of a Family Health Program with the use of texts and with an interactive approach.

Proposta para capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde em saúde auditiv / Training proposal for community health agents in hearing health

TEMA: capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde na área de saúde auditiva. OBJETIVO: verificar a efetividade de um programa de capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde do Programa de Saúde da Família, na área de saúde auditiva infantil. MÉTODO: a casuística constou de dois grupos: grupo A foi constituído por 31 agentes comunitários de saúde da cidade de Bauru e, grupo B, formado por 75 agentes comunitários de saúde de Sorocaba, ambos municípios do Estado de São Paulo. A capacitação foi realizada por meio de aulas expositivas para os dois grupos, contudo para o grupo A foi utilizado uma apostila adaptada da World Health Organization (2006), para que os agentes comunitários de saúde pudessem acompanhar as atividades realizadas de forma interativa. A capacitação abordou os temas: audição e deficiência auditiva, tipos, prevenção e causas da deficiência auditiva, técnicas de identificação e diagnóstico da deficiência auditiva e aspectos gerais da deficiência auditiva. Para validar a capacitação foi aplicado um questionário pré e pós-capacitação com perguntas sobre os assuntos que foram abordados no decorrer do curso, a fim de analisar a assimilação do conteúdo ministrado. RESULTADOS: a capacitação foi efetiva, com aumento no escore total obtido nos questionários pré e pós-capacitação. CONCLUSÕES: os resultados comprovam a eficácia do programa de capacitação com utilização de material e abordagem interativa proposto para os agentes comunitários de saúde dos Programas de Saúde da Família.

BACKGROUND: training of community health agents in hearing health. AIM: to verify the effectiveness of a training program regarding the hearing health of children for Community Health Agents of a Family Health Program. METHOD: research sample consisted of two groups: Group A, constituted by 31 community health agents, from Bauru, SP, and Group B, constituted by 75 community health agents, from Sorocaba, SP. Training was provided through classes for both groups. For Group A, a text adapted from the material organized by the World Health Organization (2006) was used so that the community health agents could follow the activities in an interactive way. Training focused on the following topics: normal and impaired hearing; types, prevention and causes of hearing loss; procedures to identify and diagnose the hearing impairment and rehabilitation. Pre and post training questionnaires were used to assess the assimilation of the presented content. RESULTS: training demonstrated to be effective, since there was an increase in the overall score when comparing the scores obtained in the pre and post training questionnaires CONCLUSION: the results indicate the effectiveness of the training program for community health agents of a Family Health Program with the use of texts and with an interactive approach.

[Bone conduction auditory brainstem responses in normal hearing individuals]. / Potenciais evocados auditivos do tronco encefálico por condução óssea em indivíduos normais.

BACKGROUND: bone conduction auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in normal hearing individuals. AIM: to evaluate the clinical applicability of bone conduction ABR, characterizing normality and determining an assessment protocol. METHOD: participants of this study were 22 individuals with normal hearing (20dB NA), with ages between 20 and 30 years, 14 female and 8 male. All individuals were assessed using air and bone (vibrator positioned on the forehead and mastoid) conduction ABR. EP25 equipment, Interacoustic; 3A insertion phone; B-71 bone vibrator; click stimulus. RESULTS: it was possible to evaluate the bone conduction ABR in all individuals. The results demonstrate that the electrophysiological threshold obtained when the vibrator was positioned on the forehead (32.69+/-5.63 and 32.5+/-7.07dB nHL) was higher than that obtained when the vibrator was positioned on the mastoid (25.00+/-7.33 and 30.00+/-5.34dB nHL) for both genders respectively. For this reason the vibrator was positioned on the mastoid. The electrophysiological threshold obtained by bone conduction was higher than that obtained by air conduction for both genders and also when all individuals were grouped together. Thus it is necessary to use a correction factor, according to the results, of 10dB nHL. The latency-intensity values of the V wave in the ipsilateral and contralateral recordings differed statistically according to gender, and should be considered separately. The value of 26.81+/-6.99dB nHL was adopted as being the normal threshold for bone conduction ABR. CONCLUSION: it is possible to evaluate bone conduction ABR in the clinical environment. These results, when considered along with the air conduction ABR, increase the chances of a more precise diagnosis regarding the type of hearing loss.